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PowerShell ships out of the box with a number of cmdlets that are known as

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the out cmdlets that let you control data output directly.

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These cmdlets use the PowerShell verb out because they send

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information out from PowerShell to somewhere else.

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You can find these commands by running Get‑Command ‑Verb

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out. And on screen here, I've piped that to Select‑Object

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just to get the command name.

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There are more results than these two,

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but I wanted to pause on Out‑Default and Out‑Host briefly.

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We pretty much covered these in the previous module when we spoke about

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the formatting system in PowerShell, so I'm not going to have dedicated

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demo clips in this module to walk through them.

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Just to summarize, Out‑Default is automatically

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added to the end of every pipeline,

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and it decides on how to format and output objects. Out‑Host sends

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the output to the PowerShell host for display,

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and because it's the default,

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you don't have to specify unless you want to use its parameters.

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These are the rest of the out cmdlets,

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and we'll be spending a couple of minutes with each of these

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cmdlets in the remainder of this module.

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There's a couple of fundamental concepts with the out cmdlets.

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Firstly,

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and this is really important, out cmdlets do not format objects. Out

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cmdlets know what to do with formatted data, but if an out cmdlet

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receives an object that is not formatted,

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it will invoke PowerShell's formatting system to format the object,

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which is something we covered in the last module. The out cmdlets,

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except for Out‑GridView,

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are expecting formatted data, either because it has been

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formatted by the default views and rules or because you have

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specified the formatting in the pipeline.

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You can pipe directly to an out cmdlet in the pipeline.

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Or alternatively, each out cmdlet does have an input object parameter,

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allowing you to specify the data that the out cmdlet needs to work with.

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With the exception of Out‑String, the out cmdlets

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don't output objects to the pipeline.

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When you use an out cmdlet,

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you're telling PowerShell that you're done with the object stream and you no

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longer want it to be available for further use in the console.

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Because out cmdlets don't output objects to the pipeline,

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you need to put out cmdlets at the end of the pipeline.

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If you try to pipe an out cmdlet to something else,

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it's just not going to work as the out cmdlet will not continue to pass the current objects down the pipeline.